1 Definitions :

To explain the concept of hooks in React, it is important to start by explaining the terms below :

• ✔️A React component is a function that renders an HTML element. React components can be either classes or functions.

• ✔️React classes class components) use the React lifecycle to manage state and component events.

• ✔️The React lifecycle is a set of events that occur during the life of a React component. Lifecycle events allow developers to interact with the React component at different points in its life.

• ✔️React functions (functions components) use hooks to manage state and component events.

2. What is a Hook?

• Hooks are functions that allow developers to manage state and access React lifecycle features without having to write a class.

To explain hooks, we can use the following analogy:

• React classes are like washing machines. They have a life cycle that allows them to wash the laundry.

• React functions are like washing machines without a lifecycle. They must be used with specific tools for washing laundry.

Hooks are these specific tools ⚙️ They allow React functions to access React lifecycle features.

🔸 The UseState() Hook:

• The useState() Hook : Allows you to manage the state of a React component.

function App() {
    const [number, setNumber] = useState(0);

    return (
       <div>
          <h1>Number: [number)</h1>
          <button onClick={() => setNumber(number+ 1)}>+1</button>
       </div>
    );
 }

This React component uses the useState() hook to manage the state of the number . The number variable represents the current state of the number. The setNumber() function allows you to modify the state of the number .

➡️The useState() hook returns 2 values : the current value of the state & a function that allows to modify the state.

📌There are many hooks available, each with their own purpose.

🗃️Here are some of the most common hooks:

• useState(): Allows you to manage the state of a React component.
• useEffect(): Allows you to react to changes in the environment of a React component.
• useContext(): Allows access to a context from a React component.
• useReducer(): Allows you to manage a complex state of a React component.
• useParams() …..etc

🔸 The UseEffect() Hook:

The useEffect() Hook allows a React component to perform actions at specific times and when certain properties or state change. It is useful for carrying out side effects, such as:

1. Data fetching
2. Update the DOM
3. Add or remove event listeners

The useEffect() hook takes 2 arguments: from a function and an array of dependencies :

useEffect(() => {
      // Code to execute after rendering the component
      // and after each update
   }, [dependency]);

• ✔️The function is executed after the component is rendered and after each update.
• ✔️The dependency table allows you to specify the values ​​that should trigger execution of the function. If a value in the dependency array changes, the function is executed.

Example of using the useEffect() hook to update the DOM:

function App() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    document.title = `Count: ${count}`;
  }, [count]);

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Count: {count}</h1>
      <button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>+1</button>
    </div>
  );
}

In this example, the useEffect() hook is used to update the page title each time that the value of the count variable changes. This is because the count variable is included in the dependency table.

Example of using the useEffect() hook to fetch data:

function App() {
  const [users, setUsers] = useState([]);

  useEffect(() => {
    fetch('https://api.github.com/users')
      .then((response) => response.json())
      .then((data) => setUsers(data));
  }, []);

  return (
    <ul>
      {users.map((user) => (
        <li key={user.id}>{user.login}</li>
      ))}
    </ul>
  );
}

In this example, the useEffect() hook is used to perform data fetching from the GitHub API . The function is executed only once , after the initial rendering of the component. That is due to the dependency table being empty [ ] .

• ✔️Hooks are a powerful way to manage state and side effects in React components.
• ✔️The useEffect() hook is particularly useful for performing asynchronous operations, such as data fetching.

Example: Add or remove event-listeners
It is possible to add or remove event listeners in a React component by using the useEffect() hook.

To add an event listener, simply use the addEventListener() function in the function of the useEffect() hook.

The addEventListener() function takes two arguments: the event to listen for and the function to callback that will be called when the event occurs.

window.removeEventListener(‘click’, handlclick]);

Here's an example of adding an event listener for a button click:

function App() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
  useEffect(() => {
    const button = document.getElementById('button');
    const handleClick = () => {
      setCount((prevCount) => prevCount + 1);
    };
    button.addEventListener('click', handleClick);
    return () => {
      // Cleanup the event listener when the component is unmounted
      button.removeEventListener('click', handleClick);
    };
  }, []);
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Count: {count}</h1>
      <button id="button">+1</button>
    </div>
  );
}