In this article, we will explore Entity Framework Core, tracing its evolution from EF6 to EF Core, outlining key differences between them, and highlighting the advantages EF Core brings to modern application development.

What is Entity Framework Core?

Entity Framework Core (EF Core) is an open-source, lightweight, and extensible version of the popular Entity Framework data access technology. It allows .NET developers to work with databases using .NET objects, eliminating the need for most of the data-access code typically required when developing applications.

EF Core is built to work with .NET Core and .NET 5+ and provides support for multiple database engines, including:

• Microsoft SQL Server
• PostgreSQL
• MySQL
• SQLite

EF Core simplifies data access by allowing developers to use LINQ (Language Integrated Query) to query and interact with data using strongly-typed C# objects. It abstracts the database layer, reducing the need to write raw SQL while still offering flexibility for those who need to fine-tune their queries.

The Evolution of Entity Framework (EF6 to EF Core)

Before EF Core, the original Entity Framework (EF6) was widely used in .NET applications. However, EF6 was closely tied to the .NET Framework, limiting its use in cross-platform applications. As the .NET ecosystem evolved, with the introduction of .NET Core, a need arose for a more modular and efficient version of Entity Framework.

Here are some key milestones in the evolution of Entity Framework:

1. EF6 (Entity Framework 6): EF6 was the standard for working with relational databases in the .NET Framework. It introduced features like code-first migrations, lazy loading, and complex query support.

2. EF Core (Entity Framework Core): EF Core was introduced as a complete rewrite of EF6 to provide better performance, cross-platform support, and flexibility. It was designed to work seamlessly with .NET Core and later .NET 5+, which are multi-platform and lightweight.

Key Differences Between EF6 and EF Core

1. Cross-Platform Support:

   • EF6: Works only with the .NET Framework and thus is limited to Windows-based applications.
   • EF Core: Supports .NET Core and later versions, making it cross-platform and suitable for use on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

2. Lightweight and Extensible:

   • EF6: Heavier and monolithic in design, limiting its flexibility.
   • EF Core: More modular, allowing you to pick and choose the components you need, resulting in better performance and extensibility.

3. Batching of Statements:

   • EF6: Executes one command at a time, which can be inefficient for bulk operations.
   • EF Core: Supports batching of multiple SQL statements into a single database round trip, improving performance for bulk operations.

4. Better Performance:

   • EF Core: Significant performance improvements due to its simplified design and the ability to take advantage of modern language features like async/await for non-blocking database calls.

5. Support for Non-Relational Databases:

   • EF6: Primarily designed for relational databases.
   • EF Core: Supports not only relational databases but also non-relational (NoSQL) databases, thanks to its flexible provider-based design.

6. Change Tracking:

   • EF Core: Introduces more efficient change tracking methods (like No-Tracking queries), which boost performance in read-heavy scenarios.

7. LINQ Enhancements:

   • EF Core: Offers improved LINQ support with more advanced queries and functions being translated directly into SQL, whereas EF6 has some limitations in LINQ-to-SQL translations.

Advantages of EF Core in Modern Applications

1. Cross-Platform Capabilities: EF Core allows developers to build applications that run on Windows, Linux, and macOS, increasing flexibility for cloud-based and containerized solutions like Docker.

2. Performance Improvements: EF Core’s ability to batch SQL commands and efficiently handle large data operations makes it faster than EF6, especially in high-performance applications.

3. Asynchronous Operations: EF Core natively supports asynchronous programming, allowing for non-blocking database calls, which is crucial for modern web applications that require high scalability.

4. Modular and Lightweight: Unlike EF6, which includes everything by default, EF Core follows a modular architecture. Developers can install only the required packages (e.g., specific database providers), leading to smaller app footprints and better performance.

5. Support for Modern Development Practices: EF Core integrates seamlessly with modern development approaches like Microservices, Clean Architecture, and DDD (Domain-Driven Design). Its flexibility enables developers to structure applications in ways that encourage loose coupling and separation of concerns.

6. Better Query Performance with LINQ: EF Core's improvements in translating LINQ queries directly to SQL enable more complex and efficient querying. This reduces the need for raw SQL in many cases, making the code cleaner and easier to maintain.

7. Non-Relational Database Support: The ability to work with non-relational databases in addition to relational ones makes EF Core a versatile tool for modern applications, which may require both relational and NoSQL storage solutions.

Conclusion

Entity Framework Core has evolved into a powerful, lightweight, and cross-platform solution that enhances the developer experience by abstracting away much of the complexity associated with database operations. Its evolution from EF6 offers significant advantages, including better performance, flexibility, and support for modern development needs.

In the next part of the series, we’ll dive into setting up EF Core in your project, installing the required packages, and performing basic CRUD operations.